The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its etiological subtypes in elderly Chinese

BackgroundEpidemiologic studies on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are limited in China.MethodsUsing a multistage cluster sampling design, a total of 10,276 community residents (6096 urban, 4180 rural) aged 65 years or older were evaluated and diagnosed with normal cognition, MCI, or dementia. MCI was further categorized by imaging into MCI caused by prodromal Alzheimer's disease (MCI-A), MCI resulting from cerebrovascular disease (MCI-CVD), MCI with vascular risk factors (MCI-VRF), and MCI caused by other diseases (MCI-O).ResultsThe prevalences of overall MCI, MCI-A, MCI-CVD, MCI-VRF, and MCI-O were 20.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.0–21.6%), 6.1% (95% CI = 5.7–6.6%), 3.8% (95% CI = 3.4–4.2%), 4.9% (95% CI = 4.5–5.4%), and 5.9% (95% CI = 5.5–6.4%) respectively. The rural population had a higher prevalence of overall MCI (23.4% vs 16.8%, P < .001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of MCI in elderly Chinese is higher in rural than in urban areas. Vascular-related MCI (MCI-CVD and MCI-VRF) was most common.     

The prevalence of dementia in urban and rural areas of China

ObjectiveThe Chinese population has been aging rapidly and the country's economy has experienced exponential growth during the past three decades. The goal of this study was to estimate the changes in the prevalence of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) among elderly Chinese individuals and to analyze differences between urban and rural areas.MethodsFor the years 2008 to 2009, we performed a population-based cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design. Residents aged 65 years and older were drawn from 30 urban (n = 6096) and 45 rural (n = 4180) communities across China. Participants were assessed with a series of clinical examinations and neuropsychological measures. Dementia, AD, and VaD were diagnosed according to established criteria via standard diagnostic procedures.ResultsThe prevalence of dementia, AD, and VaD among individuals aged 65 years and older were 5.14% (95% CI, 4.71–5.57), 3.21% (95% CI, 2.87–3.55), and 1.50% (95% CI, 1.26–1.74), respectively. The prevalence of dementia was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban ones (6.05% vs. 4.40%, P < .001). The same regional difference was also seen for AD (4.25% vs. 2.44%, P < .001) but not for VaD (1.28% vs. 1.61%, P = .166). The difference in AD was not evident when the sample was stratified by educational level. Moreover, the risk factors for AD and VaD differed for urban and rural populations.ConclusionsA notably higher prevalence of dementia and AD was found in rural areas than in urban ones, and education might be an important reason for the urban–rural differences.     

南京中学生健康危险行为与抑郁症状关系

目的了解江苏省南京市中学生健康危险行为和抑郁症状分布情况,并探讨两者之间的关联。方法采用青少年心理健康状况调查表,于2010年9—10月随机抽取南京市5所学校2 118名中学生进行问卷调查。结果调查的2 118名中学生中,具有1、2、3项及以上健康危险行为的中学生分别为21.6%、6.0%、4.4%;抑郁症状检出率为46.0%,其中轻度、中度、重度抑郁症状检出率分别为29.4%、13.4%、3.3%;高中生、有健康危险行为的学生抑郁症状检出率均高于初中生、无健康危险行为的学生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,随着健康危险行为项数的增加,抑郁症状检出率呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=58.9,P<0.05),调整人群归因危险度百分比(PARc%)为14.8%。结论健康危险行为是罹患抑郁症状的危险因素,应引起学校、家庭和社会的重视。     

山东省居民24小时尿钠钾比与代谢综合征的关系

目的 分析山东省居民24 h尿钠钾比与MS的关系。方法 2011年在山东省采用四阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取18~69岁居民作为研究对象, 测量其血糖、血脂四项、尿钠、尿钾和尿肌酐等指标。依据24 h尿钠钾比值将研究对象按照四分位数法分组, 采用二分类logistic分析钠钾比与MS的关系。结果 1 906名研究对象纳入分析, 其中男性1 003人, 女性903人。MS患病率为24.7%。经多因素logistic模型分析, 与24 h尿钠钾比值<4.3组相比, 4.3~5.6、5.7~8.1和≥8.1组MS患病风险OR值(95%CI)分别为1.27(0.93~1.71)、1.06(0.78~1.46)和1.45(1.06~1.97), 趋势检验显示, P<0.05。在MS各组分中, 中心性肥胖和血压升高风险与24 h尿钠钾比之间存在线性趋势(线性趋势检验P<0.05)。结论 随着24 h尿钠钾比增加, MS患病风险呈上升趋势。     

Gender-specific differences in associations of overweight and obesity with asthma and asthma-related symptoms in 30 056 children: result from 25 districts of Northeastern China

Objective: The relationship between obesity and allergic respiratory diseases in childhood is still controversial. Furthermore, significant debate on the issue of whether or not gender modifies this association also exists due to inconsistent findings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between obesity and respiratory health in children, and to investigate the modifications of gender on this association. Methods: 30?056 children (aged 2–14 years) were randomly selected from 25 districts within 7 cities in Northeastern China in 2009. A standard questionnaire from the American Thoracic Society was used to characterize the childrens’ histories of respiratory symptoms and illnesses. Child weight and height were measured, and obesity was calculated with an age and sex-specific body mass index. Results: The overall prevalence rates of obesity and overweightness were 14.08% and 12.32%, respectively. Compared to the children with normal body weights, asthma and asthma-related symptoms were more prevalent in overweight and obese children. Analysis stratified by gender showed that obesity was associated with more respiratory symptoms and diseases in females than in males. A significant association between obesity and diagnosed asthma [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)?=?1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.60], as well as current wheezing (aOR?=?1.46; 95%CI: 1.20–1.79) was found in females but not in males. Conclusions: There is an association between asthma symptoms and obesity in these Chinese children, and obesity had a significantly larger effect on females than males.     

静态生活方式与代谢综合征及2型糖尿病患病的相关性研究

目的 探讨静态生活方式和静坐时间对MS及T2DM的影响。方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,2010－2011年对福建省6 016名≥18岁常住居民进行人口学信息及身体活动状况等问卷调查,同时测量身高、体重、WC和血压并检测血糖、血脂,依据2005年国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)MS诊断标准和1999年WHO糖尿病诊断标准进行MS及T2DM病例诊断,并应用logistic回归分析静态生活方式与MS及T2DM的相关性。结果 福建省≥18岁人群MS及 T2DM患病率分别为19.0%及8.0%,完全静坐行为的比例为18.1%,每日平均静坐时间为4.3 h,对照组(C)、单纯MS组(M)、单纯糖尿病组(T)、糖尿病合并MS组(MT)静坐行为比例不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。经年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、BMI、文化程度、职业和完全静坐/静坐时间校正后,与静坐时间<2.0 h/d组相比,2.0~3.5 h/d组与MT组患病显著相关(OR=1.44,95%CI:1.03~2.03,P<0.05),3.5~6.0 h/d组及≥6.0 h/d组与M、T及MT组患病均显著相关(OR值分别为 1.49~1.76及1.28~1.58,95%CI分别为1.19~2.45及1.02~2.23,P<0.05),完全静坐行为与MT组(OR=1.82,95%CI:1.33~2.48,P<0.01)及M组(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.14~1.78,P<0.01)患病风险存在独立的关联。结论 静坐生活方式与MS及T2DM患病风险可能存在相关,但仍需进一步在纵向研究中加以证实。     

辽宁省城市居民10年间吸烟状况差异分析

目的 比较1999和2009年辽宁省城市居民的吸烟水平,分析辽宁省城市居民吸烟状况的变化趋势.方法 利用辽宁省1999和2009年两次行为危险因素监测数据,分析10年间城市居民现吸烟率和平均吸烟量的变化情况.结果 10年间现吸烟率由28.2％上升至30.3％,其中男性现吸烟率由50.9％升至55.3％,女性由5.3％降至5.1％;平均吸烟量由(12.3±0.1)支/d上升至(14.2±0.3)支/d,其中男性由(12.6±0.1)支/d升至(14.5±0.3)支/d,女性由(9.6±0.3)支/d升至(11.2±0.7)支/d.中年人、男性、低收入及贫困者和中等文化程度者现吸烟率水平上升.结论 10年间辽宁省城市男性吸烟率升高4.4％,女性吸烟率无明显改变,吸烟者日均吸烟量增加1.9支/d,应加强对中年人、男性、低收入、中低文化程度者的控烟工作.     

辽宁省1984-2010年城乡居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病死亡率变化趋势分析

目的 分析辽宁省城乡居民1984-2010年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)死亡变化趋势.方法 利用Joinpoint Regression Program软件对数线性泊松回归模型产生的Monte Carlo组合检验确定趋势线拐点,分析拐点前后COPD死亡率的年均变化率及总体变化趋势.结果 辽宁省城市居民1984-2010年和农村居民1999-2009年COPD死亡率均呈显著下降趋势.城市居民COPD中国人口标化死亡率从1984年的243.93/10万下降为2010年的33.13/10万,年均下降5.8％.农村居民COPD中国人口标化死亡率从1999年的251.33/10万单调下降至2009年的102.25/10万,年均下降6.8％.1994-2010年城市居民COPD死亡率均下降9.0％,超过农村居民1999-2009年年均下降水平(6.8％).支气管炎死亡率的下降是导致COPD总体死亡率下降的主要原因.COPD死亡率总体水平城市低于农村,城市男性高于城市女性,农村女性高于农村男性.结论 辽宁省1984-2010年COPD死亡率呈显著下降趋势.     

气象因素与交通事故伤害关联性的系统评价

近年来, 气象因素对健康和伤害的影响受到越来越多的关注, 恶劣天气事件被认为可能是导致交通事故伤害发生的一项重要危险因素。大量的流行病学研究证据表明, 高温、降雨、降雪以及风速和能见度等气象因素与交通事故伤害的发生可能存在一定的联系。本文试图通过总结各种气象因素与交通事故伤害发生之间的关系, 归纳气象因素对交通事故伤害的影响, 系统评价气象因素与交通事故伤害之间的关联, 并对如何进一步开展相关研究进行了讨论。